3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane A-1110 Crosslinker

For substrate treatment: dilute A-1110 to 0.5–2% (w/w) in water (pH 4–5, adjust with acetic acid), apply to clean glass/aluminium/mineral substrate and allow 5 min hydrolysis before coating. For in-formula addition: add 0.5–1.5 phr A-1110 directly to the waterborne epoxy dispersion as co-hardener; the amine group reacts with epoxy rings while the silane anchors to inorganic substrates, significantly improving dry and wet adhesion (crosshatch adhesion GT0–GT1 retained after 240 h water soak).